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Wireless Video Camera Technology Explained
Video systems are becoming a part of our everyday lives. When video surveillance systems first hit the industry in the mid 80's, they immediately designed a major impact on crime prevention and the way crimes are investigated. Early video systems required a hardwired connection between your camera and the recording system. Recent innovations in wireless video transmission are changing that requirement.
Wireless video systems are appearing all over the place to satisfy a selection of consumer requirements. From wireless baby monitors to high-end high-definition wireless broadcast systems, wireless video systems can be purchased in a wide range of prices, features and functions.
Most modern, consumer grade wireless video systems will fall under one of the following frequencies; 900 MHz, 2.4 GHZ or 5.8 GHz. Almost all of the affordable consumer grade wireless cameras on the market fall into the 2.4 GHz range.
Every wireless video system includes a camera, a transmitter, a receiver, an antenna and a power supply. Transmission ranges can vary greatly depending on the frequency, the antenna as well as the rated power output.
Apart from higher end, high power broadcast quality systems; most wireless video systems don't require a license in the Federal Communication Commission (FCC) to work. No matter what frequency you want on using, in case you are installing a high powered installation, especially near a highway or perhaps an airport, you should secure the correct FCC license.
For the best results as well as the longest range, most wireless video transmission systems require a clear line of site between your transmitter and the receiver to work consistently. Wireless video signals do not penetrate very well through glass, walls, concrete, trees, steel or other obstructions.
In addition, other RF signals round the same frequency can cause interference or be interfered with by wireless video systems. Within the 2.4 GHz range favored by most security applications, interference can be experienced between cordless phones, microwaves, local television broadcasts, computer monitors, power supplies or wireless LAN/WANs. Sometimes interference problems can be solved by re-locating the transmitters or receivers.
Since 90% of consumer grade wireless video systems fall under the 2.4 GHz category, we are going to discuss the features of the 2.4 GHz analog and digital systems and the limitations and great things about each.
The entire 2.4 GHZ bandwidth allocated for consumer use is from 2,412 MHz to two,462 MHz. As per the FCC standards, you can find 11 possible channels which can be 22 MHz wide using a 5 MHz spacing interval in between each.
In order to allow multiple cameras on a single system, residential, consumer grade 2.4 GHz analog video transmitters for instance a wireless baby monitor or even a front door camera require fixed frequency, non-overlapping channels to lessen interference.
These 2.4 GHz analog wireless cameras are some of the most popular video surveillance systems for consumers and end users, yet very few professional security providers will give you these wireless cameras.
At best, professional security installers look at the 2.4 GHz analog video systems as low-end residential solutions which can be notoriously unreliable. The analog 2.4 GHz cameras are easily identified by their price tag which is usually in the $ 69.00 to $ 140.00 range per camera.
Invest the away the benefit of their low cost, there are several inherent limitations to Analog 2.4 GHz video transmission including:
Within the 2.4 GHz range, you can find only 4 available non-overlapping channels. This limits scalping strategies to a total of 4-cameras, each of which is tuned to a new pre-defined frequency. Each of these fixed frequencies is capable of transmitting about 11 mega-bits per second of information (Mbps).
Because the analog 2.4 GHz wireless video transmitters take presctiption fixed frequencies, they may be especially susceptible to interference external to sources. A typical transmission range for an analog 2.4 GHz wireless video link is approximately 200 to 300 feet when installed outdoors using a clear line of site. The relative transmission distance is greatly reduced when installed indoors with a few lower end analog systems typically providing about 10-30 feet.
Since these cameras are transmitted over a fixed, un-secured open frequency, the signal is easily intercepted and can be seen by anyone with a 2.4 GHz 4-channel receiver. A voyeur or even a burglar could simply drive around a neighborhood using a receiver and see inside your home. If you have one of these systems installed, what about a burglar is watching you right now.
In 1997, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) created the first Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) standard that was named 802.11. The original 802.11 utilized the 2.4 GHz frequency to permit reliable transmission of 2-Mbps of bandwidth. In 1999, the conventional was upgraded to 802.11b which supports up to 11 Mega-Bits per Second (Mbps) that was comparable to traditional Ethernet connectivity speeds.
The 802.11 protocol functions by sub-dividing the entire 2.4 GHz frequency into channels and switching between them during transmissions. Because the signal is sent, it sends a packet of information at one frequency and then hops to the next channel and sends another packet and so forth, until the entire data package is distributed.
In 2003, WLAN products began supporting a brand new 2.4 GHz wireless standard called 802.11g which supports a bandwidth of 108 Mbps of information. The days of economical, reliable and secure wireless video transmission have finally arrived.
The added features and benefits of using internet protocol cameras and 802.11g for wireless video transmission in the security application are lots of.
The 802.11g protocol utilizes digital bi-directional signals which offer the use of pan/tilt/zoom functions and presets found in many newer cameras. Digital signal used is duplex (bi-directional) as opposed to the simplex (one-way) binary signal used in analog type systems.
Because 802.11g utilizes the entire 2.4 GHz frequency spectrum, interference is greatly reduced and longer transmission ranges should be expected. If an area of the frequency is noisy then your transmitter/receivers will adapt the signal by sending smaller packets in the noisy affected area and larger packets in the non-effected areas of the frequency. An invisible IP video system will give you almost the same performance being a professional grade wired system using a reliable transmission selection of 150-200 feet.
If the camera will be located further than 200 feet, directional antennas are available which can increase the distance to 600 or maybe more feet. If a greater distance than 600 feet is required, point to point, long range directional type systems can boost the distance to several miles.
Along with standard 64/128-bit WEP Security, 802.11g protocol allows data packets being encrypted using a 40-bit RCA key. When considered with the inherent security built into DSSS spread spectrum technology, the info signals are at least as secure as data traveling over a wired network.
The 802.11g protocol can support a much larger variety of wireless cameras by using a medium access control or MAC layer called CSMA/CA or Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Avoidance. The collision avoidance in 802.11g props up use of CTS/RTS signals (clear to send/ready to transmit) which tell each camera around the system when it is O.K. to begin with transmitting or receiving data thereby avoiding interference.
Any hardwired IP Camera that is installed on your intranet or internet that is using the same CODEC (Coding & Decoding) algorithm can be integrated into the same software viewing and recording system.
An IP addressable camera system can be looked at or recorded from the properly equipped computer from any location in the world. This could allow you the freedom to move anywhere on the planet while still monitoring your assets. Additionally, if you ever decide to move your face end recording equipment to a new location, you simply understand it and move it. No wires to re-route.
One thing to remember when deploying a multi-camera wireless IP based video method is that processing multiple streaming video signals places an amazing work load on a computers CPU.
Hard Wired systems have Video Capture cards which can be installed in the PC/DVR. Prepaid cards take up to half of the task load off the computers CPU. Because wireless IP video systems do not have the help of these capture boards, the computers CPU must handle 100% from the processing workload.
This implies that as you add cameras with a wireless system the whole frame rate or perhaps the total images per second which can be viewed and recorded will decline due to the increased workload.
Some people shy away from IP and network security solutions because they appear to be complicated and challenging to set up. The fact is the original set up does require some expertise and knowledge but the operation and daily use of the systems aren't any different than using some other PC based home security camera system. The required computer skills are minimal. If a person can check email, work with a word processing program or load and play any sort of game on a PC they most likely possess the skills needed to use and manage a PC based system.
Just thought you may be interested in reading this guide: wireless video camera and wireless network camera.
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